Miniature letters Alif
Waw and Ya
Miniature
letter Alif 
(Khara Zabar)
A miniture letter Alif
is placed
over a consonant is an alternative method to write a consonant with fathah
with letter Alif (letter Alif as a long vowel letter) thus 
and 
will produce the
same sound.
Miniature
letter waw (ulta pesh) 
A miniature letter waw is placed over a
consonant is an alternative method to
write a consonant with letter waw sakin (letter waw as a long vowel
letter) thus 
or 
will produce
the same sound.
Miniature letter
Ya 
(khara Zer)
A miniature letter Ya is placed
below a consonant is an alternative method to write a consonant with
letter Ya sakin (letter waw as a long vowel letter) thus 
or 
will produce the
same sound.
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